StormTac
Last updated: 2010-07-22
Latest News:
1. New higher standard P
and Cr concentrations from garden plots, and new higher Hg concentrations from
roads!
2. New data and road
runoff concentrations as a function of traffic intensity, with improved fit to
data (higher R2-values)!

Flowchart (print screen) for the storm water
model StormTac.
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System requirements and user information -
Microsoft Excel 2000 or later is required. -
English is the model language (however it is
from the flowchart possible to get a Swedish flowchart and translation of
some words from English to Swedish). -
The number format in Windows must be points
and decimals in the model must be written in points Background Metals and nutrients are
examples of pollutants in storm water which may cause toxic and eutrophic
effects in the receiving waters. StormTac is the tool that can help You
towards a more sustainable storm water management. Areas of
implementation StormTac can help you
to:
Some
unique properties
The model results are presented in a flowchart (see above), in tables and diagrams. They can also be and have been linked to other databases and GIS, see e.g. http://www.tyreso.se/pubdoc/forv/msf/Kommunaltekniska/dagv/index.htm Databases StormTac includes databases
with precipitation data, runoff coefficients, concentration data and
reduction efficiencies. Required input
data The model requires very
little input data. Watershed area (ha) per land use (e.g. houses, roads and
forests) is the only obligatory input data. The traffic intensity
(vehicles/day) is needed if studying the loads from larger roads within the
catchment area. The area and volume of the receiving water are needed for
estimating allowable loads. If the sub model Source model is to be used then
added input data are road length (m) and material areas (m2). The
included databases help to make more accurate analyses by letting you change
other input data such as precipitation (mm/month or mm/year), runoff
coefficients and water depths. The model parameters can
be calibrated to measured data to ensure site specific conditions being
considered. In such cases further input data consist of measured flow (m3/year
or m3/month), precipitation (mm/year or mm/month) and sampled
concentration (mg/l or ug/l). Calculation methods The
main methodology has been reviewed internationally through scientific papers
and a doctoral thesis. The
spreadsheet Excel model has been developed to automate the calculations by
using land use specific standard values. It is best suited for long-term
predictions. Runoff water flow is calculated from precipitation data and land
use specific runoff coefficients and areas. Pollutant load rate (kg/year) is
quantified from calculated flow and from standard concentrations. The standard
concentrations are estimated empirically from a large set of flow
proportional field sampling data, which contributes to their general
applicability. StormTac includes a large amount of sub
models and equations for the design of different storm water facilities. The
user can choose between a relatively detailed and a quick, simple design. The
resulted dimensions by using different methods and by changing parameter
values can easily be reviewed and compared. Examples of included design
parameters are runoff coefficients, land use areas, facility permanent water
depth, water depth of detention volume, slope, rain depth, outflow, emptying
time and reduction efficiency. The
design methods have been employed for a large number of case studies from pre
studies to final detailed construction drawings. Case studies StormTac has been used
for example in the following case studies, where * indicates that calibration
or comparison to measured data has been performed: Nybohov*, Stockholm (residential);
Essingeleden*, Stockholm (road); Sätra*, Stockholm (residential); Lake
Flaten*, Salem (residential); Flemingsbergsviken*, Huddinge (mixed); Tyresö
municipality (mixed); Upplands Väsby municipality (mixed); Lake Edsviken and Lake
Norrviken, Sollentuna (mixed), Lidingö municipality* (mixed); Karlstad
municipality (mixed); Fittja, Botkyrka (residential); Reykjavik, Iceland
(residential); Kaliningrad, Russia (road) and Lake Titicaca, Peru and Bolivia
(mixed). The table below presents
standard, minimum and maximum concentrations for different urban and rural
land uses. The standard concentrations should only be used when the storm
water from the studied land use is average high, however else values closer
to the presented min- or max-values should be used. The background colours indicate the level
of uncertainty, based on the number of data values and their uncertainties. Standard concentrations, StormTac,
version 2010-07 New!
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Blue data in table above;
updated 2010-07 from data that were valid 2010-03 to 2010-07.
Suggested storm water criteria
Use of the criteria (observe!):
Method 1 Integrated
acceptable/allowable load method
For
studying pollutant emissions as basis for estimating required treatment
measures, consideration should
preferably be taken to pollutant loads (kg/year) from the study area and
from adjacent areas on the recipient for comparison, and (if possible/relevant)
the total load on the recipient. Pollutant loads in storm water are generally
more relevant than pollutant concentrations when studying the effects on
receiving waters. Criteria concentrations in the water mass of the recipient
may be estimated, the changed concentrations in the recipient may be calculated
and the load reduction on the recipient after treatment, if required.
Furthermore, the acceptable loads on the recipient, to comply with the
recipient criteria, and the required reduction load are to be calculated, e.g.
by StormTac. Such calculations are in general more relevant to use than the
storm water concentration criteria alone. This described Integrated
acceptable/allowable load method is a major feature of StormTac and is
generally recommended instead of using only storm water concentration criteria.
Method 2 Storm water concentration
criteria (yearly average values)
The
below presented storm water concentration criteria is recommended to be used
for planning-level estimations of required treatment and for comparative
studies to the load criteria in Method 1. In some cases, it may be difficult to
only estimate required measures based on load, for instance if the studied load
is very small compared to much larger total loads to very large recipients. In
such cases, it may be difficult to know how much load is required to be reduced
in a facility. A design for selected concentration criteria may then be an
option. If/when using the concentration criteria, then if site specific
criteria are available, these should be used instead of the presented general
criteria. For specific case studies, e.g. very large highways and/or very
sensitive recipients, other criteria can be used. They should only be used for
storm water and base flow, i.e. not for other types of waters. The criteria is
planned to be reviewed and updated continuously with new experiences and
updated data.
In
StormTac, both methods above are used and the results are presented
simultaneously from the model flowchart.
Level 1: direct emission to recipient, Level 2: part areas, Level 3: practicians,
e.g. road and industry (see figure below). M: emission to smaller lakes, water
courses and sea bays, S: emission to larger lakes and seas. Reference: RTK* , Stockholm
county, Feb 2009.
*) (In Swedish) Regionplane- och trafikkontoret, Stockholm läns landsting (2009). Förslag till riktvärden för dagvattenutsläpp, februari 2009. Regionala dagvattennätverket i Stockholms län, Riktvärdesgruppen.
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Level |
Smaller lakes,
water courses and sea bays |
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Larger lakes and
seas |
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Practician (pollutant source) |
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Substance1 |
unit |
1M |
2M |
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1S |
2S |
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3VU |
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Phosphorus (P) |
µg/l |
160 |
175 |
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200 |
250 |
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250 |
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Nitrogen (N) |
mg/l |
2,0 |
2,5 |
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2,5 |
3,0 |
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3,5 |
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Lead (Pb) |
µg/l |
8 |
10 |
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10 |
15 |
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15 |
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Copper
(Cu) |
µg/l |
18 |
30 |
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30 |
40 |
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40 |
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Zinc (Zn) |
µg/l |
75 |
90 |
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90 |
125 |
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150 |
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Cadmium
(Cd) |
µg/l |
0,4 |
0,5 |
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0,45 |
0,5 |
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0,5 |
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Chrome
(Cr) |
µg/l |
10 |
15 |
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15 |
25 |
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25 |
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Nickel (Ni) |
µg/l |
15 |
30 |
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20 |
30 |
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30 |
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Mercury2
(Hg) |
µg/l |
0,03 |
0,07 |
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0,05 |
0,07 |
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0,1 |
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Suspended substanse (SS) |
mg/l |
40 |
60 |
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50 |
75 |
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100 |
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Oil index (oil) |
mg/l |
0,4 |
0,7 |
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0,5 |
0,7 |
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1,0 |
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Benso(a)phyrene2 (BaP) |
µg/l |
0,03 |
0,07 |
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0,05 |
0,07 |
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0,1 |
1) Total fractions are intended for
nutrients and metals.
2) If only
the criteria value for this substance is exceeded, this should not by itself constitute
a basis for decision for measures, due to uncertain data.
Part area
Principal figure of suggested stormwater criteria (figure by Henrik Alm,
Sweco). Ref: RTK,
Downloads
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File size |
File |
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Model manual with print
screen views (March 2006) |
561 kB |
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Model updates (July 2010) (in English) New! |
29 kB |
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Model equations (March 2005) (in English) |
3257 kB |
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Full method
description in PhD-thesis (last revised Jan. 2001) |
736 kB |
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Revisions of method
description (Jan. 2001) |
6 kB |
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Model presentation (Oct. 2003) (in Swedish) |
232 kB |
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Model presentation (Oct. 2003) (in English) |
175 kB |
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Standard
concentrations (July 2010) (in Swedish) New! |
28 kB |
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Standard
concentrations (July 2010) (in English) New! |
26 kB |
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Suggested stormwater
criteria concentrations (Feb 2009) (in Swedish) |
24 kB |
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Design methods for wet
ponds and wetlands (May 2009) (In Swedish)
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1622 kB |
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VA-FORSK report 2000-10. Utformning och dimensionering av
dagvattenreningsanläggningar. (Last revised Jan. 2001) (in
Swedish) Read-only |
740 kB |
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Revisions of VA-FORSK
report 2000-10 (Jan. 2001) (In Swedish) |
8 kB |
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StormTac references (June 2008) (In Swedish) |
93 kB |
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Paper ICUD11 Design
parameters (June 2008) (in English) |
194 kB |
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Stormwater and receiving water quality
criteria. (Dec 2009) (In Swedish). |
105 kB |
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Experiences from the stormwater conference
ICUD 2008. (Dec 2008) (In Swedish). |
36 kB |
The model may be ordered
by sending an e-mail (se below). The price is reduced for researchers and
students.
Prices for 1-3 users:
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Currency |
Standard price 1-3 users |
Additional users |
Researchers, students 1 user |
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SEK |
30 000 |
2 000 |
5 000 |
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EUR |
3 000 |
200 |
500 |
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USD |
5 000 |
300 |
800 |
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GBP |
2 500 |
160 |
400 |
After signing a licence agreement you will receive a CD containing the
model and other relevant files, along with the manual and the Product
specification (these can also be downloaded from above). Free delivery.
For further information, please contact: